Machines required for plywood production
Plywood is a board made by gluing multiple layers of veneer spun from trees. In its production process, various machinery and equipment play a crucial role.
Firstly, as the first process in making plywood, the rotary cutting machine spins the trees into veneers. There are many types of rotary cutting machines, which can be divided into two categories: card rotary cutting machines and card free rotary cutting machines. In general, rotary cutting veneers and making plywood are usually carried out separately by different manufacturers.
Next, the leather cutter cuts the sliced veneer into certain specifications. The three forms of manual, foot operated, and electric cutting each have their own characteristics. Manual cutting has low investment and efficiency, while foot operated cutting is flexible and convenient. Electric cutting can cut dozens of skins at once, but the investment is slightly higher.
Single board tooth jointing machine is widely used in the production of plywood, plywood and other types of boards for longitudinal splicing of multiple boards when the board area is small.
The veneer dryer reduces the moisture content of the veneer for adhesive application. There are currently various types of dryers, such as mesh belt dryers and roller dryers.
The adhesive equipment for producing plywood adhesive is generally manufactured by professional manufacturers, and it is not recommended for manufacturers to manufacture it themselves, as it requires specialized workshops and professional technicians.
Mix the viscosity of the glue with the glue machine to make it more suitable for the production of plywood.
The glue coating machine applies glue to veneers, commonly using three roll and four roll types, with lengths of 1.3 meters and 2.6 meters.
The pre press machine pre presses the finished plywood to a basic thickness in advance to improve the effective utilization rate of the hot press machine. There are two types of pre press machines: upper and lower.
Hot press machine is the main process in plywood manufacturing, which directly affects the quality of plywood.
The edge sawing machine saws the hot pressed plywood into certain specifications, with two feeding methods: manual feeding and automatic feeding. The specifications are divided into three types: 3x6 feet, 4x8 feet, and adjustable specifications.
The sanding machine is used to decorate the surface of the finished board, which is related to the surface quality of the product and is quite important.
Finally, forklifts are indispensable for adjusting the position of plywood at any time during the production process. These machines and equipment work together to ensure the quality and efficiency of plywood production.
The production of plywood requires major machinery
（1） Rotary cutting machine
As the first process in plywood production, the rotary cutting machine plays a crucial role. It spins the trees into veneers, providing raw materials for the subsequent bonding process. Card rotary cutting machines and card free rotary cutting machines are the two main types. The card rotary cutting machine is suitable for large-diameter wood, and its structure is relatively complex, which can ensure the stability of the rotary cutting process, but the operation is relatively cumbersome. The cardless rotary cutting machine is suitable for small diameter wood and has the characteristics of flexible operation and simple structure. The emergence of CNC rotary cutting machines has further improved the quality and accuracy of producing veneers, while greatly increasing production efficiency and the degree of automation of the entire machine. For example, using a servo motor to drive precision screw feed, changing the plate thickness only requires inputting the plate thickness number, without the need to replace gears, resulting in high cutting accuracy; Different wood species can also be rotary cut together without affecting the thickness of the board; Good surface smoothness and insensitivity to the yin and yang reactions of wood; Energy saving, easy to operate, and convenient to maintain.
（2） Leather cutting machine
The leather cutting machine is mainly used to cut the veneer produced by rotary cutting into certain specifications. The three forms of manual, foot operated, and electric have their own characteristics. Manual leather cutting requires less investment, but has low efficiency and is a common method of leather cutting. The foot movement is flexible and convenient for cutting leather, with little investment. Only one piece of leather can be cut at a time, and the efficiency is not high. Electric cutting can cut dozens of skins at once, with high efficiency, but the investment is slightly higher and certain conditions are required for use. Manual and electric cutters are suitable for cardless rotary cutters, while carded rotary cutters are more flexible when using foot operated cutters.
（3） Single board toothed machine
Single board tooth splicer can longitudinally splice multiple boards with a small board area. It is widely used in the production of plywood, plywood, multi-layer board, floor substrate, craft furniture board, building laminated board, container board, particleboard, etc. By connecting the movements between machines, the vertical tooth connection between two middle boards is achieved, which improves the efficiency and quality of longitudinal splicing of wooden boards and reduces the workload of workers. At present, a plywood veneer tooth joint machine requires 2 manual operations and can handle about 2400 pieces of 4 * 8-foot long medium boards in 10 hours. Compared with the previous generation oblique grinding joint process, it can save about 25000 yuan per month. Moreover, the flatness of the extracted middle plate is very high, and there are no obvious joint marks on the cross section, so it can be directly glued for use.
（4） Single board dryer
The function of the veneer dryer is to reduce the moisture content of the veneer after rotary cutting, in order to facilitate the application of glue when making plywood. The current veneer dryers include mesh belt dryers, roller dryers, veneer drying boxes, press type veneer dryers, chimney evaporation drying equipment, etc. When selecting a veneer dryer, multiple factors need to be considered, such as production scale, veneer material and thickness, energy consumption, etc. For example, mesh belt dryers are suitable for large-scale production, while roller dryers are more commonly used in some small and medium-sized enterprises.
（5） Glue making equipment
Glue making equipment is a specialized device for manufacturing adhesive for plywood. Generally, it is manufactured by professional manufacturers and it is not recommended for manufacturers to manufacture it themselves. This is because manufacturing adhesive equipment requires specialized workshops and professional technicians, which is costly and difficult to guarantee quality. Professional adhesive manufacturers usually have more advanced production technology and strict quality control systems, which can produce plywood adhesives with stable quality and meet standards.
（6） Glue machine
The function of the glue machine is to blend the viscosity of the plywood adhesive. Due to the fact that plywood adhesive may not be fully suitable for production needs and requires additives for blending, the glue machine is specifically designed to blend the viscosity of the adhesive. By blending with the glue machine, the performance of the glue can be made more in line with the production requirements of plywood, and the bonding quality can be improved.
（7） Glue coating machine
The glue coating machine applies glue to veneers, commonly using three roll and four roll types, with two types based on length: 1.3 meters and 2.6 meters. The structure of the three roll glue coating machine is relatively simple and suitable for some small-scale production. The four roll glue coating machine provides more uniform and efficient glue application, making it suitable for large-scale production. When selecting a glue coating machine, comprehensive consideration should be given to factors such as production scale, specifications of the veneer, and quality requirements.
（8） Pre press machine
Pre press machine, also known as cold press machine, is a device that pre presses the plywood laid by the laying worker into a basic thickness in advance, with the aim of improving the effective utilization of the hot press machine. There are two commonly used types of machinery: top mounted and bottom mounted. The overhead pre press takes up less space, but the operation is relatively complex. The bottom mounted pre press machine is easy to operate, but it occupies a large space. In actual production, it is necessary to choose the appropriate type of pre press machine based on the production site and production needs.
（9） Hot press machine
Hot press machine is the main process in plywood manufacturing, which has a significant impact on the quality of plywood. Hot press machines are divided into two types: periodic and intermittent, and different varieties of plywood have different requirements for pressure and temperature. The temperature requirement for a hot press is generally between 120 ℃ and 210 ℃, and the heat source is mainly provided by thermal oil boilers and steam boilers. From the perspective of comprehensive energy utilization, heat transfer oil boilers have higher energy efficiency because the heat transfer medium can be circulated for heating without emissions, and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet oil is relatively small. In order to further improve energy utilization efficiency, gas temperature control machines have emerged. The gas model temperature machine is a small modular gas heat transfer oil boiler, which is equipped with a flue gas waste heat energy-saving device on the basis of the heat transfer oil boiler. It can reduce the exhaust gas temperature to around 75 ℃, saving more than 10% energy than the heat transfer oil boiler.
（10） Sawing machine
A sawing machine is a device that saws hot pressed plywood into a certain specification. This device has two types of board feeding methods: manual board feeding and automatic board feeding. According to fixed specifications, it is divided into three types: 3x6 feet, 4x8 feet, and adjustable specifications. Manual feeding is suitable for small-scale production or special specification plywood processing, while automatic feeding is suitable for large-scale production to improve production efficiency. When selecting a sawing machine, comprehensive consideration should be given to factors such as production scale, plywood specifications, and budget.
（11） Sanding machine
A sanding machine is a device used to modify the surface of finished boards, which is crucial to the surface quality of the product. The sanding machine can remove burrs and unevenness on the surface of plywood, making the board surface smoother and smoother, and improving the appearance quality of the product.
（12） Forklift truck
Forklifts play an indispensable role in adjusting the position of plywood production. During the production process of plywood, it is necessary to adjust the position of the board at any time in order to proceed with the next step of processing or storage. The use of forklifts can improve production efficiency and reduce manual labor intensity.
